PASINATI+Emma

Emma Pasinati media type="youtube" key="vbY_FIyXPFg" height="344" width="425" An important settlement for more than two millennia, Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres, and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Paris and the Paris Region, with €533.6 billion (US$731.3 billion) in 2007, produces more than a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP) of France. According to 2005 estimates, the Paris urban agglomeration is Europe's biggest city economy, and is fifth in the world's list of cities by GDP. The Paris Region hosts 38 of the Fortune Global 500 companies in several business districts, notably La Défense, the largest purpose-built business district in Europe. Paris also hosts many international organizations such as UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the informal Paris Club. Paris is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, with 45 million tourists every year in the Paris Region, 60% of whom are foreign visitors. There are numerous iconic landmarks among its many attractions, along with world-famous institutions and popular parks.
 * Paris, France. **
 * Paris ** (pronounced /ˈpærɪs/ in English, [paʁi] in French) is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (also known as the "Paris Region"; French: //Région parisienne //). The city of Paris, within its administrative limits largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated population of 2,203,817 (January 2006), but the Paris //aire urbaine// (or metropolitan area) has a population of 11,769,433 (January 2006), and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe.


 * The French Currency is: ** the **franc** (represented by the franc sign ₣  or more commonly just F) was a former currency of France. Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money. It was re-introduced (in decimal form) in 1795 and remained the national currency until the introduction of the euro in 1999 (for accounting purposes) and 2002 (coins and banknotes).
 * Paris’ Temperature: **
 * || **Jan ** || **Feb ** || **Mar ** || **Apr ** || **May ** || **Jun ** || **Jul ** || **Aug ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Sep ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Oct ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Nov ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Dec ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Year ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">°C || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">3.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">4.9  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">6.9  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">10.4  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">13.6  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">17.3  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">18.7  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">18.1  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">16.2  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">12.3  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">7.2  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">3.5  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">11.0  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">°F || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">38.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">40.8  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">44.4  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">50.7  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">56.5  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">63.1  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">65.7  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">64.6  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">61.2  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">54.1  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">45.0  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">38.3  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">51.8  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Père Lachaise is one of the most famous cemeteries in the world. Located in the 20th //arrondissement//, it is reputed to be the world's most-visited cemetery, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors annually to the graves of those who have enhanced French life over the past 200 years. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. Père Lachaise is located on Boulevard de Ménilmontant. Métro station Philippe Auguste on line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station called Père Lachaise, on line 3, is 500 metres away near a side entrance. Many tourists prefer the Gambetta station on line 3 as it allows them to enter near the tomb of Oscar Wilde and then walk downhill to visit the rest of the cemetery. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Communards’ Wall ** (F.: //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Mur des Fédérés //) at the Père Lachaise cemetery is where, on 28 May 1871, one-hundred forty-seven //fédérés//, combatants of the Paris Commune, were shot and thrown in an open trench at the foot of the wall. To the French left, especially socialists and communists, the wall became the symbol of the people’s struggle for their liberty and ideals. Many leaders of the French Communist Party, especially those involved in the French resistance, are buried nearby. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Louvre, originally a palace but now one of the largest and most visited museums in the world, is a must-visit for anyone with a slight interest in art. Some of the museum's most famous works of art are the Mona Lisa and the Venus of Milo.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Père Lachaise Cemetery **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Père Lachaise Cemetery ** (French: //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cimetière du Père-Lachaise //; officially, //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">cimetière de l'Est //, "East Cemetery") is the largest cemetery in the city of Paris, France at (48 ha, 118.6 acres), though there are larger cemeteries in the city's suburbs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Communards’ Wall **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="color: #111111; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Louvre Museum **<span style="color: #111111; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">

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Notre Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports). The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave. After the construction began and the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher, stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward. In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern. The cathedral suffered desecration during the radical phase of the French Revolution in the 1790s, when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. During the 19th century, an extensive restoration project was completed, returning the cathedral to its previous state.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Notre Dame Cathedral **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Notre Dame de Paris ** ('Our Lady of Paris' in French), also known as the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Notre Dame Cathedral **, is a Gothic, Roman Catholic Cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the cathedral of the Catholic archdiocese of Paris: that is, it is the church that contains the "cathedra", or official chair, of the Archbishop of Paris, André Cardinal Vingt-Trois. Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture in the world. It was restored and saved from destruction by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, one of France's most famous architects. The name //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Notre Dame // means "Our Lady" in French, and is frequently used in the names of Catholic church buildings in Francophone countries. Notre Dame de Paris was one of the first Gothic cathedrals, and its construction spanned the Gothic period. Its sculptures and stained glass show the heavy influence of naturalism, unlike that of earlier Romanesque architecture.

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The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Eiffel Tower ** (French: //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Tour Eiffel //, [tuʀ ɛfɛl] ) is a 19th century iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris that has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower, which is the tallest building in Paris, is the single most visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch for the 1889 World's Fair. The tower stands at 324 m (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. It was the tallest structure in the world from its completion until 1930, when it was eclipsed by the Chrysler Building in New York City. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France, behind the Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004. And while the Eiffel Tower is a steel structure, and weighs approximately 10,000 tonnes, it actually has a relatively low density, weighing less than a cylinder of air occupying the same dimensions as the tower. The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend either on stairs or lifts to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is only accessible by lift. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants. The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France. The tower is a featured part of the backdrop in literally scores of movies that take place in Paris. Its iconic status is so established that it even serves as a symbol for the entire nation of France, such as when it was used as the logo for the French bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Eiffel Tower **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">

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The //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Palais Garnier **//, also known as the //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Opéra de Paris **// or //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Opéra Garnier **//, but more commonly as the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paris Opéra **, is a 2,200-seat opera house on the Place de l'Opéra in Paris, France. A grand landmark designed by Charles Garnier in the Neo-Baroque style, it is regarded as one of the architectural masterpieces of its time. The building is located in the 9th arrondissement of Paris and is served by the metro station //Opéra//. Upon its inauguration in 1875, the opera house was officially named the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Académie Nationale de Musique - Théâtre de l'Opéra //. It retained this title until 1978 when it was re-named the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Théâtre National de l'Opéra de Paris //. After the opera company chose the //Opéra Bastille// as their principal theatre upon its completion in 1989, the theatre was re-named as the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Palais Garnier //, though its more official name, the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Académie Nationale de Musique //, is still sprawled above the columns of its front façade. In spite of the change of names and the Opera company's relocation to the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Opéra Bastille //, the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Palais Garnier // is still known by many people as the //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paris Opéra //, as have all of the many theatres which have served as the principal venues of the Parisian Opera and Ballet since its founding. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Palais Garnier **